Research and analysis on the working principle of Thermistor

What is a Thermistor?

A thermistor is a sensor resistor whose resistance changes as temperature changes. The working principle of the thermistor is to use a sensor to help adjust the temperature.

Its functions include voltage adjustment, volume control, time delay and circuit protection.

The thermistor has the functions of temperature measurement, temperature compensation, overheating protection, and liquid level measurement.

What are heat-sensitive materials?

Thermosensitive material is a material that can sense temperature changes, and its physical properties such as resistance, capacitance, and inductance will change with changes in temperature. This material is usually composed of heat-sensitive materials and insulating materials. The heat-sensitive materials can sense temperature changes and generate corresponding electrical signals, while the insulating materials can ensure the stable transmission of electrical signals.

Thermosensitive materials are widely used in many fields, such as temperature measurement, control, circuit protection, sound control, etc. For example, in temperature measurement and control, thermistors can be used to measure changes in temperature and convert the temperature signal into an electrical signal to achieve precise control of temperature.

In short, a thermosensitive material is a material that can sense temperature changes and generate corresponding electrical signals. It has wide applications in many fields.

Is the thermistor an electronic component?

Thermistors are electronic components. It is a resistor that changes with temperature, made by using the resistance of heat-sensitive materials to change with temperature.

How does a thermistor work?

The working principle of the thermistor is to utilize the heat-sensitive effect of the semiconductor. When the temperature changes, the resistance value of the semiconductor will change, thereby achieving the measurement of temperature.

Specifically, when the temperature rises, the carrier concentration of the semiconductor increases and the resistivity decreases, causing the resistance of the thermistor to decrease; conversely, when the temperature decreases, the carrier concentration of the semiconductor decreases and the resistivity increases, causing the resistance of the thermistor to increase. By measuring the change in resistance of the thermistor, the change in temperature can be deduced.

The types and characteristics of thermistors vary depending on materials and structures, and the appropriate type and specifications need to be selected based on actual application requirements. It has been widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, medical equipment, automotive electronics, aerospace and other fields. In practical applications, it is necessary to pay attention to the thermistor’s stability, linearity, response time and other performance indicators to ensure its measurement and control accuracy.

In addition, thermistors can also be used to implement functions such as circuit protection and volume control. For example, in audio amplifiers, thermistors can be used to adjust the volume; in circuit protection, when the current in the circuit is too large, the thermistors can automatically cut off the circuit to protect the circuit from damage.

The thermistor is a sensor made by utilizing the heat-sensitive effect of semiconductors. It has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, simple structure, and affordable price. In actual applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate type and specification according to actual needs, and pay attention to its stability, linearity, response time and other performance indicators.

The main differences between thermocouples and thermistors

The main differences between thermocouples and thermistors are reflected in the following aspects:

1. Working principle: The working principle of a thermocouple is to use the potential difference between electrodes of two different materials to generate an electric potential related to temperature, which is called thermoelectromotive force. The thermistor uses the different resistance values of different temperatures to directly convert changes in temperature into changes in electricity.
2. Signal properties: The thermistor itself is a resistor, and the resistance changes with changes in temperature. The thermocouple generates different induced voltages with different temperatures.
3. Measuring range: The measuring range of the thermistor is generally between -50°C and +300°C, while the measuring range of the thermocouple can reach over 2000°C.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages: The advantages of the thermistor are high precision and fast response speed, but its disadvantage is low sensitivity and the need for external circuit amplification. The advantages of thermocouples are high sensitivity and fast response, but their disadvantage is relatively low accuracy.

To sum up, the main differences between thermocouples and thermistors lie in their working principles, signal properties, measurement ranges, and advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, selection needs to be based on specific measurement requirements.

Research and analysis on the working principle of thermistor

Introduction

The thermistor is an electronic component widely used in the field of temperature measurement and control. It has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, simple structure, and affordable price, so it has been widely used in various industrial fields. This article will conduct a detailed research and analysis on the working principle of the thermistor, aiming to gain an in-depth understanding of its working principle and performance characteristics and provide theoretical support for practical applications.

Basic principles of thermistor

The thermistor is a sensor made using the heat-sensitive effect of semiconductors. When the temperature changes, the resistance value of the semiconductor changes, allowing the temperature to be measured. The basic principles of thermistors can be summarized in the following steps:

1. Temperature changes cause changes in carrier concentration inside semiconductor materials.
2. Changes in carrier concentration cause changes in the resistivity of semiconductor materials.
3. Changes in resistivity cause changes in the resistance of the thermistor.
4. By measuring the resistance change of the thermistor, the temperature change can be calculated.

Types and characteristics of thermistors

1. Type: Thermistors can be divided into metal thermistors, ceramic thermistors and semiconductor thermistors according to different materials and structures. Among them, the advantages of metal thermistors are good stability, high precision, and fast response speed, but the disadvantage is that the measurement range is narrow; the advantages of ceramic thermistors are high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, but the disadvantage is poor stability; semiconductors The advantages of the thermistor are high sensitivity, good stability and fast response speed, but the disadvantage is that the measurement range is narrow.
2. Characteristics: The main characteristics of the thermistor include temperature coefficient, sensitivity, linearity, stability and response time. Among them, the temperature coefficient refers to the percentage change in resistance value caused by a unit temperature change; sensitivity refers to the change in resistance value when the temperature changes by a certain amount; linearity refers to the linear relationship between temperature and resistance value; stability refers to resistance The stability of the value over time; response time is the time it takes for a temperature change to cause a change in resistance value.

Application fields of thermistor

1. Temperature measurement: Thermistors can be used in various temperature measurement devices, such as thermometers, temperature sensors, etc., to achieve accurate measurement and control of temperature.
2. Temperature control: In the industrial production process, precise control of temperature is required. Thermistors can be used in various temperature control equipment, such as heaters, refrigerators, etc., to achieve precise control and regulation of temperature.
3. Medical equipment: In the medical field, the patient’s body temperature needs to be accurately measured. Thermistors can be used in various medical equipment, such as thermometers, monitors, etc., to achieve accurate measurement and monitoring of patient body temperature.
4. Automotive electronics: In the automotive field, the temperature of the engine needs to be precisely controlled. Thermistors can be used in various automotive electronic equipment, such as engine controllers, air conditioning controllers, etc., to achieve precise control and regulation of engine temperature.
5. Aerospace: In the aerospace field, the temperature of the aircraft needs to be precisely controlled. Thermistors can be used in various aerospace equipment, such as aircraft controllers, navigation systems, etc., to achieve precise control and regulation of aircraft temperature.

Conclusion

Through research and analysis of the working principle and performance characteristics of the thermistor, we can draw the following conclusions:

1. The thermistor is a sensor made by utilizing the heat-sensitive effect of semiconductors. It has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, simple structure, and affordable price.
2. The types and characteristics of thermistors vary depending on materials and structures, and the appropriate type and specifications need to be selected according to actual application requirements.
3. Thermistors are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature control, medical equipment, automotive electronics, aerospace and other fields.
4. In practical applications, it is necessary to pay attention to the thermistor’s stability, linearity, response time and other performance indicators to ensure its measurement and control accuracy.